Tooth Decay

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Prevent and treat cavities with expert dental care for healthier teeth.

About the treatment

Tooth decay, also known as dental caries or cavities, is a common oral health problem that occurs when bacteria in the mouth produce acids that erode the tooth enamel. If left untreated, tooth decay can lead to pain, infection, and even tooth loss.
Tooth decay develops gradually and is often preventable with proper oral hygiene and regular dental check-ups. Early detection is key to avoiding extensive dental treatments and preserving natural teeth.

Causes of Tooth Decay

Tooth decay occurs due to plaque buildup and bacterial activity, often influenced by:

Poor Oral Hygiene – Inadequate brushing and flossing allow plaque to accumulate.
Frequent Sugar & Starch Consumption – Sugary and acidic foods fuel bacteria that produce harmful acids.
Dry Mouth (Reduced Saliva Flow) – Saliva helps wash away bacteria and neutralise acids.
Poor Diet – Lack of essential minerals like calcium and fluoride weakens enamel.
Gum Recession – Exposed tooth roots are more vulnerable to decay.
Certain Medical Conditions – Acid reflux, diabetes, and medications can contribute to enamel erosion.

Stages of Tooth Decay

Tooth decay progresses in distinct stages, from mild enamel damage to severe infections requiring urgent treatment.

Stage 1: Demineralisation – The enamel begins to weaken due to acid attacks.
Stage 2: Enamel Decay – White or brown spots appear as minerals are lost.
Stage 3: Dentin Decay – The decay reaches the softer dentin layer, causing sensitivity.
Stage 4: Pulp Involvement – Bacteria infect the pulp, leading to pain and inflammation.
Stage 5: Abscess Formation – Severe infection can spread to the jawbone and surrounding tissues.

Signs & Symptoms of Tooth Decay

Recognising the early signs of tooth decay can prevent serious complications.

Tooth Sensitivity – Discomfort when consuming hot, cold, or sweet foods.
Tooth Discolouration – White, brown, or black spots on the enamel.
Persistent Tooth Pain – Dull or sharp pain, especially while chewing.
Holes or Pits in Teeth – Visible cavities or roughness on the surface.
Bad Breath & Unpleasant Taste – Caused by bacterial buildup.
Swelling or Pus Formation – Indicates an advanced infection.

Treatment Options for Tooth Decay

Helps remineralise enamel and reverse early-stage cavities.
Applied as gels, varnishes, or mouth rinses during dental visits.

Removes decay and restores the tooth with composite or amalgam fillings.
Prevents further bacterial damage and strengthens the tooth.

A custom-made cap placed over a damaged tooth to restore function.
Recommended when decay has weakened the tooth structure.

Removes infected pulp, cleans the tooth interior, and seals it to prevent reinfection.
Prevents tooth loss while eliminating pain and sensitivity.

If a tooth is beyond saving, extraction may be necessary.
A dental implant, bridge, or denture can replace the missing tooth.

Preventing Tooth Decay

Preventive measures can significantly reduce the risk of cavities and improve oral health.

Brush twice daily with fluoride toothpaste.
Floss daily to remove plaque between teeth.
Reduce sugar intake to limit bacterial acid production.
Drink plenty of water to wash away food particles and bacteria.
Visit your dentist regularly for check-ups and professional cleanings.
Use fluoride treatments or dental sealants for added protection.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Can tooth decay heal on its own?

Early-stage decay can be reversed with fluoride treatments, but once a cavity forms, it requires professional treatment.

At what age should crowding be treated?

Dental fillings can last 5 to 15 years, depending on the material used and oral hygiene habits.

Is tooth decay painful?

Mild decay may not cause pain, but advanced decay can result in sensitivity, discomfort, or severe toothache.

How quickly does a cavity spread?

Mild crowding may be improved with clear aligners, contouring, or retainers, but moderate to severe cases usually require braces.

Can I still get cavities if I brush daily?

Yes! Brushing helps, but flossing, limiting sugar intake, and regular dental check-ups are also essential.

Can I still get cavities if I brush daily?

Yes! Brushing helps, but flossing, limiting sugar intake, and regular dental check-ups are also essential.

Do cavities always require fillings?

Small cavities may be treated with fluoride, but deeper decay requires a filling or crown.

What happens if I ignore a cavity?

Untreated decay can lead to infections, abscesses, and eventual tooth loss.

Are sugar-free drinks safe for teeth?

Not always—some sugar-free drinks are acidic and can still erode enamel.

How often should I get my teeth checked?

Dental visits every six months help detect and treat decay early.

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Interested in a whiter smile? Contact us to discuss your options.

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Tooth Decay

About the treatment

Causes of Tooth Decay

Stages of Tooth Decay

Signs & Symptoms of Tooth Decay

Treatment Options for Tooth Decay

Preventing Tooth Decay

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Get in Touch

You are in good hands

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