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Gingivitis and Periodontitis

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Prevent gum disease with expert care to keep your gums strong and healthy.

About the treatment

Gingivitis and periodontitis are progressive stages of gum disease that, if left untreated, can result in severe damage to the gums, bone, and even tooth loss. Gingivitis is the early stage of gum disease, characterised by inflammation and bleeding gums, while periodontitis is a more advanced infection that affects the bone structure supporting the teeth.
Gum disease is one of the leading causes of tooth loss in adults, but with early detection and professional treatment, it can be managed and prevented from worsening.

What Causes Gingivitis & Periodontitis?

  • The primary cause of gingivitis and periodontitis is plaque buildup, a sticky film of bacteria that accumulates on teeth. If not removed through proper brushing and flossing, plaque hardens into tartar, which harbours bacteria and irritates the gums.

    Other Contributin Factors

  • Poor Oral Hygiene – Inadequate brushing and flossing lead to plaque buildup.
  • Smoking & Tobacco Use – Weakens the immune response, making gum disease worse.
  • Diabetes – Uncontrolled diabetes increases the risk of infections, including gum disease.
  • Genetics – Some people are naturally more susceptible to gum disease.
  • Hormonal Changes – Pregnancy, puberty, and menopause can make gums more sensitive to bacteria.
  • Medications – Certain drugs cause dry mouth, reducing saliva flow and increasing plaque buildup.

Signs & Symptoms of Gingivitis & Periodontitis

  • Red, swollen gums that feel tender.
  • Gums that bleed easily when brushing or flossing.
  • Persistent bad breath (halitosis).
  • Mild gum sensitivity.
  • Receding gums, making teeth appear longer.
  • Deep pockets forming between teeth and gums.
  • Loose or shifting teeth due to bone loss.
  • Painful chewing due to weakened gum support.
  • Pus or sores in the gums, indicating infection.

How Gingivitis Progresses into Periodontitis

If gingivitis is left untreated, bacteria continue to multiply, causing inflammation and deepening the pockets around the teeth. As bacteria reach the bone and connective tissue, periodontitis develops, leading to bone deterioration, tooth loosening, and even tooth loss.

Treatment Options for Gingivitis & Periodontitis

  • Professional Dental Cleaning (Scaling & Polishing) – Removes plaque and tartar buildup.
  • Antibacterial Rinse & Medication – Helps eliminate bacteria causing inflammation.
  • Improved Oral Hygiene Routine – Proper brushing, flossing, and mouthwash usage.
  • Deep Cleaning (Scaling & Root Planing) – Removes bacteria from deep gum pockets and smoothens the tooth roots to prevent further plaque buildup.
  • Antibiotic Therapy – Localised antibiotics to reduce infection.
  • Gum Grafting – Replaces lost gum tissue to protect exposed tooth roots.
  • Flap Surgery – Reduces deep pockets and removes infected gum tissue.
  • Bone Grafting – Rebuilds bone loss due to periodontitis.

Preventing Gingivitis & Periodontitis

Gum disease is preventable with good oral care.

  • Brush twice daily with fluoride toothpaste and floss daily.
  • Use an antibacterial mouthwash to reduce bacteria in the mouth.
  • Attend regular dental check-ups to catch early signs of gum disease.
  • Quit smoking, as it increases the risk of periodontitis.
  • Maintain a healthy diet, rich in vitamins that support gum health.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Can gingivitis be reversed?

Yes! Gingivitis is completely reversible with proper oral hygiene and professional cleanings.

Yes, periodontitis causes permanent bone and gum damage, but treatments can slow progression and prevent further damage.

If untreated, periodontitis leads to bone deterioration, causing teeth to loosen and eventually fall out.

If you have gingivitis, a check-up every six months is recommended. If you have periodontitis, you may need deep cleanings every 3-4 months.

Gingivitis is usually painless, but advanced periodontitis can cause discomfort, gum tenderness, and infections.

Gingivitis is usually painless, but advanced periodontitis can cause discomfort, gum tenderness, and infections.

Yes! Studies show links between gum disease and heart disease, diabetes, and respiratory infections.

Yes, with proper treatment and oral care, the progression of periodontitis can be controlled.

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Early detection and treatment can prevent severe damage. Schedule an appointment today to protect your gum health!